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The two minutes silence I The
early years I The national ceremony I The
laying of wreaths I The service I The
march past
Remembrance - The two minutes silence
'The two minutes' silence to commemorate the first anniversary of the ceasefire
of 11 o'clock on 11 November 1918 was almost as much of a surprise to the
general public as the ceasefire itself had been. The decision to mark the
first anniversary of the Armistice with a silent pause in the life of the
nation was taken very close to the anniversary itself.' [1] The
origins of the silence can be found in a minute dated 4 November 1919,
submitted to Lord Milner for the consideration of the War Cabinet by Sir
Percy Fitzpatrick, former British High Commissioner to the Dominion of
South Africa, His son had been killed in France in 1917. He wrote: 'In
the hearts of our people there is a real desire to find some lasting expression
of their feeling for those who gave their lives in the war. They want something
done now while the memories of sacrifice are in the minds of all; for there
is the dread - too well grounded in experience - that those who have gone
will not always be first in the thoughts of all, and that when the fruits
of their sacrifice become our daily bread, there will be few occasions
to remind us of what we realise so clearly today.
During the War, we in South Africa observed what we called the "Three
minutes' pause " At noon each day, all work, all talk and all movement
were suspended for three minutes that we might concentrate as one in thinking
of those - the living and the dead - who had pledged and given themselves
for all that we believe in…
Silence, complete and arresting, closed upon the city - the moving, aweinspiring
silence of a great Cathedral where the smallest sound must seem a sacrilege… Only
those who have felt it can understand the overmastering effect in action
and reaction of a multitude moved suddenly to one thought and one purpose.' [2]
The War Cabinet discussed Fitzpatrick's proposal on 5 November and approved
a 'Service of Silence' on Armistice Day. Lord Milner was placed in charge
of making the arrangements. The only amendment the Cabinet made was to amend
the duration to one minute, - subject to approval from the King. (The precedent
for a minute's silence can be found in the silence observed at Theodore Roosevelt's
funeral that same year). Milner drafted a 'personal request' for the King
and took it to Buckingham Palace. The King discussed it with his private
secretary Lord Stamfordham and altered the duration of the silence to two
minutes. Milner then arranged for the release of the finalised draft to the
Dominions and the press. It was carried by all national newspapers on 7 November
1919:
'Tuesday next, November 11, is the first anniversary of the Armistice,
which stayed the world wide carnage of the four preceding years and marked
the victory of Right and Freedom. I believe that my people in every part
of the Empire fervently wish to perpetuate the memory of the Great Deliverance,
and of those who have laid down their lives to achieve it. To afford an
opportunity for the universal expression of this feeling, it is my desire
and hope that at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the eleventh
hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, there may be for the brief
space of two minutes a complete suspension of our normal activities. No
elaborate organisation appears to be required. At a given signal, which
can easily be arranged to suit the circumstances of the locality, I believe
that we shall gladly interrupt our business and pleasure, whatever it may
be and unite in this simple service of Silence and Remembrance'.
The silence was well observed the length and breadth of the UK. 'For
two minutes after the hour of eleven had struck yesterday morning Plymouth
stood inanimate with the nation… Two minutes before the hour the maroons
boomed out their warning in one long drawn out note… As the hour struck
a great silence swept over the town. People halted in their walks, chatter
ceased as if by magic, traffic stopped and the rumbling note of industry
stayed'. [3] A
tradition had been established.
[1] Adrian
Gregory The Silence of Memory.
[3] Western
Morning News and Mercury 12th November 1919.
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